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Jones's Wood
Jones's Wood was a block of farmland on the island of Manhattan overlooking the East River that has left some vestigial mark on the present-day Upper East Side of New York City. The farm of , known by its 19th-century owners as the Louvre Farm, extended from the Old Boston Post Road (approximating the course of Third Avenue) to the river and from present-day 66th Street to 75th Street.〔Walter Lispenard Suydam, "History of the Schermerhorn family", ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,'' 36 (July 1905:204); Hopper Striker Mott, "Jones's Wood" in ''Valentine's Manual of the City of New York 1917–1918'' (1917:140-59).〕 It was purchased from the heirs of David Provoost (died 1781)〔William L. Stone, ''History of New York City from the Discovery to the Present Day'' 1872:491 notes the currently neglected grave slab over the broken walls of the family vault.〕 by the successful innkeeper and merchant John Jones, to provide himself a country seat near New York.〔Suydam 1905; Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar, ''The Park and the People: A history of Central Park'' (1994:20f).〕 The Provoost house, which Jones made his seat, stood near the foot of today's 67th Street.〔Represented on map ("First Avenue, Sixty Eighth Street, Louvre Farm 1855", ''Manhattan from Tuttle Farm Titles Directory'', 1877 ); 71st Street, is the inaccurate estimate of Mott 1917:147.〕 After his death the farm was divided into lots among his children. His son James retained the house and its lot. His daughter Sarah, who had married the shipowner and merchant Peter Schermerhorn on April 5, 1804, received Division 1, nearest to the city. On that southeast portion of his father-in-law's property, Peter Schermerhorn, soon after his marriage, had first inhabited the modest villa overlooking the river at the foot of today's 67th Street.
In 1818 Peter Schermerhorn purchased the adjoining property to the south from the heirs of John Hardenbrook's widow Ann, and adding it to his wife's share of the Jones property—from which it was separated by Schermerhorn Lane leading to the Hardenbrook burial vault overlooking the river at 66th Street—named his place Belmont Farm. They at once moved into the handsomer Hardenbrook house looking onto the river at the foot of East 64th Street;〔The site, identifiable on the map ("First Avenue, Sixty Seventh Street, Widow Hardenbrook 1830", ''Tuttle Farm Titles Directory'' 1877 ), is now the landscaped Peggy Rockefeller Plaza in the University's campus: ((campus map )).〕 there he remained, his wife having died on April 28, 1845. The frame house survived into the age of photography, as late as 1911.〔''The New York Times'', 9 July 1911, describes the house as "overlooking the river at the end of Sixty-fourth Street, near the corner of Exterior Street"〕 It survived an 1894 fire that swept Jones's Wood almost clear and remained while the first building of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, now Rockefeller University, was erected to its south. The block of riverfront property now occupied by Rockefeller University is the largest remaining piece of Jones's Wood. The house was razed after 1903.〔''New York Times'', 9 July 1911.〕
After 1850 Jones's Wood entered the broader history of New York when suggestions for setting aside a large public park, which was eventually to result in the creation of Central Park, lit first on the wooded Jones/Schermerhorn estate on the East River.〔Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar, ''The Park and the People: A History of Central Park'' (1994:20f) and Dorceta E. Taylor, ''The Environment and the People in American Cities, 1600-1900s'' (2009: ch. 7 "Conceptualizing urban parks") summarize the agitation in favor of Jones Wood.〕 Intermittent editorials in Horace Greeley's ''New York Tribune'' and William Cullen Bryant's ''Post'' had offered rosy images of rural Jones's Wood. State senator James Beekman, who had a share in the grand Federal-style Beekman house between today's 63rd and 64th Streets that abutted the modest Hardenbrook-Schermerhorn villa,〔An early-19th-century river view (New-York Historical Society) showing both houses enveloped in woodland is illustrated as Rosenzweig and Blackmar 1994:figure, p. 21; Beekman's own seat was the Beekman house on a rise between 50th and 51st Streets between today's First and Second Avenues,〕 lobbied the city aldermen in 1850, and a resolution was duly passed in 1851 to acquire the Jones's Wood property, which, the ''New York Herald'' said, "would form a kind of Hyde Park for New York".〔''New York Herald'', 15 July 1850, quoted in Rosenzweig and Blackmar 1994:28.〕
When the Joneses and Schermerhorns proved reluctant to part with the property, Beekman introduced a bill into the state Senate to authorize the city to appropriate the land by eminent domain; Beekman's bill passed unanimously on June 18, 1851; it passed the Assembly as well, and the governor signed it into law on July 11.〔Rosenzweig and Blackmar 1994:21.〕 The proposal for paying for the improvements through a general assessment met stiff opposition, however, and the Jones and Schemerhorn heirs, who had thwarted the project to open Second Avenue through their estate, successfully brought suit, and the application of eminent domain was declared unconstitutional. The clamorous arguments fought in the newspapers over a city park then shifted to proposals for a "Central Park" and the expansion of the Battery's grounds.〔Rosensweig and Blackmar 1994:44f.〕
Peter Schermerhorn died on June 23, 1852,〔Suydam 1905.〕 and during the next decade the Jones and Schermerhorn cousins soon discovered that though they had retained possession of their landscaped estate, the pressures of the city's inexorable northward growth soon hemmed them on two sides. Casual pilferage of fruit from their orchards and the presence of German beer gardens along the Post Road at the gates of their shaded country lane encouraged them to lease a portion of the land for a commercial picnic ground and popular resort hotel, the Jones's Wood Hotel; the hotel extended the old Provoost house,〔According to Mott 1917:147; by 1872 the house was a dilapidated ruin, according to Stone's ''History of New York'' (noted by Mott p. 157).〕 adding a dance pavilion, shooting range and facilities for other sports. Jones's Wood became the resort of working-class New Yorkers in the 1860s and 70s, who disembarked from excursion steamers and arrived by the horsecars and then by the Second Avenue Railroad, to enjoy beer, athletics, patriotic orations and rowdy entertainments that were banned by the prim regulations of the city's new Central Park:〔Rosenzweig and Blackmar 1994:233-36; the "moral park" pp25f.〕 Valentine Mager, the proprietor, pointedly advertised in the ''New York Times'' on April 25, 1858, that his grounds (enlarged by additional leases from Joneses and Schermerhorns) were "on the whole, the only place on the Island where a person can enjoy or make himself comfortable."〔Quoted in Mott 1917:147.〕 Here the Caledonian Society repaired for Highland games, and the daredevil Charles Blondin performed, who "sought out perilous localities, eligible for his performance, in various parts of the Republic ; and, among other famous spots, Jones's Wood—a sort of wild and romantic Vauxhall or Cremorne, on the banks of the Hudson," George Linnaeus Banks (''Blondin: his life and performances'', 1862:42) had it, slightly misplacing the riverside site. Thomas Francis Meagher's address to the "Monster Irish Festival" at Jones's Wood on August 29, 1861, was memorable enough for excerpts to be printed among inspiring exemplars of oratory in ''Beadle's Dime Patriotic Speaker'' (1863:55).
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